探究培美曲塞与多西他赛在晚期非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗失败后挽救化疗中的临床疗效

目的 研究培美曲塞与多西他赛在晚期非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗失败后挽救化疗中的应用效果。方法 筛选2018 年1 月～2020 年1 月本院的60 例晚期非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗失败后挽救化疗的患者作为研究对象，依据患者选择的药物种类分为观察组和对照组，每组各30 例，对照组采用多西他赛治疗，观察组予以培美曲塞治疗，对比分析两组的近期治疗效果、生存质量评分和毒副反应发生情况。结果 观察组病症控制率为66.67%，对照组病症控制率为36.67%，观察组病症控制效果更好；观察组生存质量评分为（65.2±3.4）分，对照组生存质量评分为（51.7±4.6）分，两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=12.926，P=0.000）；观察组各项毒副反应发生率均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 在晚期非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗失败后进行挽救化疗中选用培美曲塞有更好的治疗效果，可以较好的进行临床治疗，改善患者的生活质量，且产生的毒副反应较少，在实际临床中的应用价值较高。     

Differences Between the East and the West in Managing Advanced-Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a common cancer associated with high mortality rates worldwide. Unfortunately, it usually presents at a late stage, precluding the chance of curative therapy. The discovery of oncogenic driver mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer over the past 20 years has led to new molecular targeted therapies that have dramatically improved treatment efficacy and quality of life. New generations of therapy that target the drug-resistant mutations have also quickly evolved, benefiting patients who are refractory or intolerant to first-line targeted therapy. Eastern patients, from Southeast Asia, Japan and China, are known to have a higher incidence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation. Therefore, compared with the West, more patients would benefit from these recent advances. In contrast, survival of patients without driver mutations has benefited from advances in novel therapeutics, including the immune checkpoint inhibitors. The current review aims to highlight the recent developments in the management of advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer and to compare the differences in clinical practice between Eastern and Western countries.     

多种管控和干预手段促进辅助药品的合理使用

目的： 加强辅助药品的管控和干预，促进临床合理用药。方法： 通过多种管控和干预手段的实施，评价实施前后辅助药品使用的变化。结果： 综合培训、点评、反馈、约谈、奖惩、信息化管理等多种干预手段，辅助药品的使用合理率明显提升。经过管控，我院的辅助药品已基本不在全院药品销售金额排名前20名中，住院人均药品费用与住院人均辅助药品费用稳步下降，分别由2018年第一季度3511.70元和138.50元降至第四季度3344.40元和111.25元。辅助药品销售占比和医院药占比分别由2018年第一季度的2.60%和33.54%下降至第四季度2.24%和31.56%，乌司他丁冻干粉的使用合理率由干预前41.82%升高至100%，芪珍胶囊合理率由51.65%增加至100%。结论： 培训、点评、反馈、约谈、奖惩、信息化管理等多种干预手段相结合能显著减少辅助药品的不合理使用，切实减轻患者的经济负担，促进临床合理用药。     

真实世界中银杏叶滴丸治疗冠心病与脑梗死的合并用药方案研究＊

在真实世界中应用银杏叶滴丸治疗冠心病、脑梗死的基础上，对其合并用药信息采用社区发现算法（Louvain算法）进行复杂网络分析，挖掘其合并用药规律。在冠心病的临床用药方面，银杏叶滴丸常合并应用的西药主要有阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、阿托伐他汀、氨氯地平、单硝酸异山梨酯等，合并应用的中药以注射用灯盏花素、注射用丹参多酚酸盐为主；其合并用药组合主要有阿司匹林 + 单硝酸异山梨酯/阿托伐他汀/氨氯地平/曲美他嗪、氯吡格雷 + 注射用丹参多酚酸盐/匹伐他汀/氨氯地平/阿托伐他汀、阿托伐他汀 + 氨氯地平。在脑梗死的联合用药方面，银杏叶滴丸常合并应用的西药主要有阿司匹林、阿托伐他汀、氨氯地平、氯吡格雷、硝苯地平等，合并应用的中药以注射用灯盏花素、疏血通注射液为主；其联合用药组合主要有阿司匹林 + 氨氯地平/阿托伐他汀/疏血通注射液/硝苯地平、阿托伐他汀 + 氯吡格雷/氨氯地平、注射用灯盏花素 + 阿司匹林/奥拉西坦。本研究中的数据来源于真实世界，对临床医生的诊疗具有一定的参考意义。     

MDMX acts as a pervasive preleukemic-to-acute myeloid leukemia transition mechanism

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Directly observed hepatitis C treatment with opioid substitution therapy in community pharmacies: A qualitative study

BackgroundThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) will only be eliminated through successful engagement with people who inject drugs (PWID), however some of this population experience socioeconomic and individual issues that can lead to poor HCV treatment adherence. A key sub-group of (PWID) are those who receive opioid substitution therapy (OST). In Australia, OST is most often delivered under direct supervision by a community pharmacist every day or multiple times a week. This regular interaction could be an ideal opportunity to enhance direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment adherence under directly observed therapy (DOT) by the pharmacist.AimThe aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of OST patients with a lived experience of HCV to understand whether or not dispensing DAAs in the same way as, or simultaneously with OST would benefit HCV treatment.MethodsData collection occurred from June to August 2017. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of PWID living with HCV and on OST programs (n = 12) in Melbourne, Australia. Interviews were voice recorded and transcribed in verbatim. Interpretive phenomenology guided analysis of the data.ResultsThemes reported by participants that provide insight into the suitability of DOT of DAAs include: Adherence and non-adherence to DAA treatment; Mixed views towards DOT of DAAs; Experiences and perceptions of OST providers; and Perceived stigma in the pharmacy.ConclusionsCommunity pharmacies offering OST may be an effective place for DOT of HCV treatment, but is likely only to benefit people who face significant challenges to adherence. We suggest that a positive pharmacist-patient relationship, high OST adherence, and commitment to reducing stigma in the pharmacy would be necessary for the intervention to be effective. Further research is needed to evaluate the expanded-role of community pharmacies in improving DAA adherence and eliminating HCV.